Abstract: In order to determine the provenance area and explore the tectonic background of the provenance area of Taiyuan Xishan coalfield, single detrital component, multi detrital components and heavy mineral assemblages were used to analyze Luotuobozi sandstone at the bottom of Xiashihezi Formation in Qiligou. The results show that quartz and rock debris are the major components of the sandstone, quartz accounts for more than 80%, rock debris account for about 10% and feldspar is rare, at the same time, the genetic types of quartz and debris are mainly of magmatic rock type and metamorphic rock type. The heavy minerals in the sandstone are mainly composed of zircon, apatite and rutile. These evidences display that the parent rocks of the provenance area were acidic magmatic rocks and the provenance area was Yinshan paleoland at the north. In addition, Dickinson's triangular diagram indicated that the tectonic background of the provenance area was the recycled orogenic belt.