Abstract: Considering the situation that the spontaneous combustion of coal seam No.3 in Juye mining area is serious, coal samples from upper seam 3 and lower seams 3 were selected as research object. In this paper, coal physical parameters test, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier infrared spectrum were used to conduct experimental study on the characteristics of spontaneous combustion and kinetic parameters of seam 3 in Juye mining area. Experimental results show that coal of Juye mining area belongs to the class Ⅱof spontaneous combustion coal, and the coal pores are mainly macropore and mesopore; Activation energy of coal is 94~123 kJ/mol in the stage of weight loss induced by dehydration, 230~240 kJ/mol in the stage of weight gain induced by oxyge uptake. Coal molecule contains a large number of active functional groups, including hydroxyl, methyl and methylene, which are the key chemical structure leading to spontaneous combustion of coal in Juye mining area.