煤储层水力压裂支撑剂的优选实验研究

Experimental optimization of proppant for hydraulic fracturing in coal reservoir

  • 摘要: 针对我国600 m以深煤层气井采用石英砂支撑剂和活性水压裂液,难以取得商业化开发价值产气量的现状,运用FCES-100裂缝导流能力评价仪,分别测试了石英砂、陶粒和覆膜酸枣仁在不同闭合压力下的导流能力,统计了支撑剂的破碎率,并通过扫描电镜观测支撑剂的圆度和球度。实验结果表明:闭合压力小于15 MPa时,陶粒、石英砂和覆膜酸枣仁均有良好的导流能力;当闭合压力为15~25 MPa时,陶粒和覆膜酸枣仁的导流能力相对较高;当闭合压力大于25 MPa时,只有陶粒保持相对较高的导流能力。在煤层气井水力压裂设计时,可根据煤层埋深选择水力压裂支撑剂。若煤层埋深小于600 m,选用石英砂支撑剂;若煤层埋深介于600~1 000 m,采用木质支撑剂(覆膜酸枣仁)或陶粒;若煤层埋深大于1 000 m,建议用陶粒支撑剂。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the present situation that it is hard to have a yield of coalbed methane (CBM) with commercial values in more than 600 meters deep CBM wells by adopting quartz sand as proppant and active water as fracturing liquid, by means of FCES-100 fracture flow conductometer, this paper respectively tested the conductivities of quartz sand, ceramic and coated spina date seed under various closure pressures, meanwhile counted the crushed rates and observed the roundness and sphericity of proppants by using SEM. The experimental results show that all the conductivities of the three proppants are fairly good when the closure pressure is less than 15MPa. When the closure pressure is between 15 and 25 MPa, the conductivities of ceramic and coated spina date seed are relatively superior. When the closure pressure is higher than 25 MPa, only ceramic remains a relatively good conductivity. The optimization principle of the usage of proppants and fracturing liquid can be made according to the depths of coal seams for the fracturing design of CBM wells. Quartz sand should be considered when the depth is less than 600 meters. When the depth is between 600 and 1000 meters, either coated spina date seed or ceramic is usable. When the depth is more than 1000 meters, ceramic is mainly recommended.

     

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