深部咸水层碳封存协同地热能开采数值模拟研究

Numerical simulation of CO2 sequestration combined with enhanced geothermal energy extraction in deep saline aquifers

  • 摘要:
    目的和方法 深部咸水层是理想的CO2地质封存场所,地温梯度高,蕴含着丰富的地热资源。CO2地质封存过程中,将地热能采出,对提升CO2地质封存效果,实现深部咸水层的资源协同开发具有重要意义。为此,提出深部咸水层地热能开采–碳封存协同开发方式,建立气水两相热流化耦合的数值模型,研究探讨最佳注入方式、注采井网,设计注采参数。
    结果和结论 (1) CO2注入过程中同时采水采地热,可延缓地层压力上升,并为CO2提供更多的储集空间,增加CO2地质封存量1.65万t;(2) 可动水采出后以CO2为取热介质继续开采地热能,可多采出6.60 MJ热量,且地质封存量进一步增加3.08万t;(3) CO2注入过程中发生地球化学反应,使孔隙度增加0.0022,渗透率增大0.43×10−3 μm2,为CO2持续注入及地热能的采出创造了有利条件;(4) 间歇注入可最大程度延缓地层压力上升,是最佳的注入方式;(5) 生产井与注入井应布置于同层,构造低部位注入井数应大于生产井数;(6) 最佳注采参数为注入速度10 000 m3/d、注采比0.8、周期注入时间3个月、周期注采时间比1.0。碳封存协同地热开发新方式为深部咸水层CO2地质封存提供了新思路,对助力“双碳”目标,推动资源高效协同开发具有参考意义。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives and Methods Deep saline aquifers represent ideal spaces for geologic CO2 sequestration while also featuring high geothermal gradients and abundant geothermal resources. The combination of CO2 sequestration and geothermal energy extraction holds great significance for enhancing the CO2 sequestration effect and achieving integrated resource development of deep saline aquifers. Therefore, this study proposed a development approach that combined CO2 sequestration with geothermal energy extraction in deep saline aquifers and established a thermo-hydro-chemical coupling numerical simulation model of the gas-water two-phase flow. Accordingly, it explored the optimal injection mode, production and injection well patterns, and injection and production parameters
    Results and Conclusions Extracting formation water and geothermal energy during CO2 injection can effectively delay the rise in formation pressure while also providing more spaces for CO2 storage, with the CO2 storage capacity increasing by 16 500 t. After the depletion of movable water, further geothermal energy extraction with CO2 as the work fluid yielded an additional 6.60 MJ of heat while further increasing the CO2 storage capacity by 30 800 t. Geochemical reactions occurred during CO2 injection, increasing reservoir porosity and permeability by 0.0022 and 0.43×10−3μm2, respectively. This creates favorable conditions for continuous CO2 injection and geothermal energy extraction. Intermittent injection can delay the rise in the formation pressure to the greatest extent, identified as the optimal injection mode. It is recommended that production and injection wells should be arranged in the same aquifer and that more injection wells should be arranged in the structurally lower parts of reservoirs compared to production wells. The optimal injection and production parameters include an injection rate of 10 000 m3/day, an injection-to-production rate ratio of 0.8, an injection cycle of three months, and a cyclic injection-to-production time ratio of 1. The proposed new development approach offers a novel philosophy for geologic CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers while also serving as a valuable reference for reaching the goals of carbon neutrality and peak carbon dioxide emissions and promoting efficient, collaborative resource development.

     

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