弱动力扰动作用下岩石微裂隙演化特征及灾害防控

姜明伟; 梁运涛; 冯文彬; 李海涛; 周睿; 郭宝龙; 刘洋; 马举

doi:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.24.04.0277

弱动力扰动作用下岩石微裂隙演化特征及灾害防控

姜明伟^{1, 2,},
梁运涛^1, ,,
冯文彬²,
李海涛³,
周睿²,
郭宝龙⁴,
刘洋⁵,
马举⁶

1.
煤炭科学研究总院，北京 100013
2.
中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司，辽宁抚顺 113000
3.
煤炭科学研究总院有限公司深部开采与冲击地压防治研究院，北京 100013
4.
山东科技大学安全与环境工程学院，山东青岛 266000
5.
山东黄金集团深井开采实验室有限公司，山东烟台 266000
6.
中南大学资源与安全工程学院，湖南长沙 410083

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(5217042662)；国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U23B2094)；国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3211000，2022YFC2904104)

详细信息

作者简介:
姜明伟，1995年生，男，辽宁丹东人，博士，工程师。E-mail：jiangmingwei_hale@163.com

通讯作者:
梁运涛，1974年生，男，河北晋州人，博士，研究员。E-mial：liangyuntao@vip.sina.com

中图分类号: TD317
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-28
- 修回日期: 2024-08-08
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-24

Evolutionary characteristics of microcracks in rocks under weak dynamic disturbance and disaster prevention and control

1.
China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China
2.
CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute, Fushun 113000, China
3.
Deep Mining and Rock Burst Research Branch, Chinese Institute of Coal Science, Beijing 100013, China
4.
College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
5.
Deep Mining Laboratory of Shandong Gold Group Co., Ltd., Yantai 266000, China
6.
School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

摘要

摘要:
目的
高应力叠加弱动力扰动是诱发冲击地压的关键因素，但不同扰动幅值、频率、卸载范围下的岩石微裂纹扩展特征和能量耗散规律尚不明确，无法为冲击地压防治提供技术支撑。
方法
基于真三轴卸载动力扰动试验，分析了不同扰动幅值(5、10 MPa)、频率(4、10 Hz)、三向应力卸载(0、12 MPa)下深部围岩失稳破坏规律，并结合SEM扫描分析了岩石微裂隙特征。通过锚杆拉拔试验，优化了锚杆肋间距和肋高，提高了其吸能支护作用，提出了“吸能锚杆−低阻抗混凝土注浆−喷浆−挂网”组合支护技术。利用传感器对巷道进行长期监测，得到治理前后压力与振动数据。
结果和结论
研究表明：(1)随着扰动幅值和频率的增加，裂纹增加显著且不规则，岩石断口的方向分形维数降低。当扰动为10 MPa、10 Hz时，分形维数降至最低值0.62，孔隙方向角80°~120°孔隙定向频率达到最大值的52%，约为原始岩石的1.68倍。说明岩石受扰动后颗粒的应力不均匀，导致应力集中，断裂方向明显。(2)随着扰动幅值和频率的增加，SEM图像的微孔隙面积先快速增加，后缓慢增加且增加趋势越来越小。扰动频率每增加2 Hz，岩石微裂隙面积增加约24.13%。(3)现场测试表明随着锚杆肋间距和肋高增加，拉拔曲线形态由“弹塑性阶段−破坏失效阶段−残余阶段”逐渐过渡为“弹塑性阶段−微量屈服阶段−大量强化阶段−破坏失效阶段−残余阶段”，肋间距48 mm、肋高2 mm的螺纹钢锚杆吸能效果最好。经现场监测可将巷道压力稳定在36 N左右，峰值加速度控制在8 000 mm/s²以内。研究揭示了卸载动力扰动作用下围岩破坏及能量释放规律，提出的“吸能锚杆−低阻抗混凝土注浆−喷浆−挂网”支护技术，可为类似深部工程提供理论指导。
- 真三轴试验 /
- 冲击地压 /
- SEM扫描 /
- 微裂隙 /
- 吸能锚杆 /
- 弱动力扰动
Abstract:
Objective
High stress with superimposed weak dynamic disturbance serves as a critical factor including rock bursts. However, the microcrack propagation characteristics and energy dissipation pattern of rocks under different disturbance amplitude, frequencies, and unloading ranges remain unclear, leading to a lack of technical support for rock burst prevention and control.
Methods
Based on the true triaxial unloading dynamic disturbance tests, this study analyzed the instability failure patterns of deep surrounding rocks under different disturbance amplitude (5, 10 MPa), frequencies (4, 10 Hz), and triaxial stress unloading (0, 12 MPa). Moreover, this study examined the characteristics of microcracks in rocks using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Through bolt pull-out tests, this study enhanced the energy-absorbing support effects of bolts by optimizing the rib spacing and height of bolts. Accordingly, it proposed a combined support technique integrating energy-absorbing bolts, low-impedance concrete grouting, guniting, and screening. Additionally, the pressure and vibration data of roadways before and after treatment were obtained through long-term monitoring using sensors.
Results and Conclusions
Key findings are as follows: (1) With an increase in disturbance amplitude and frequency, cracks increased significantly and irregularly, and the fractal dimension of rock fracture direction decreased. In the case of disturbance of 10 MPa and 10 Hz, the fractal dimension decreased to the lowest value of 0.62, with the orientation frequency of pores at angles ranging from 80° to 120° reaching the maximum value of 52%, which was about 1.68 times that of the original rocks. This finding suggests that the uneven stress distribution of rock particles after disturbance led to stress concentration and pronounced fracture direction. (2) With an increase in disturbance amplitude and frequency, the micropore areas revealed by SEM images shifted from a rapid growth to a slow growth, with the increasing amplitude decreasing gradually. Every increase of 2 Hz in disturbance frequency corresponded to an approximately 24.13% increase in the area of microcracks in rocks. (3) Field tests indicate that as the rib spacing and height of bolts increased, the pull-out curve pattern transitioned gradually from the elastoplastic, failure, and residual stages sequentially to elastoplastic, microyield, extensive yield reinforcement, failure, and residual stages successively. Threaded steel bolts with a rib spacing of 48 mm and a rib height of 2 mm exhibited the optimal energy-absorbing effect. Field monitoring indicates that the roadway pressure can be stabilized at about 36 N and the peak ground acceleration can be controlled at less than 8000 mm/s². This study reveals the surrounding rock failure and energy release patterns under unloading dynamic disturbance and proposes the combined support technique integrating energy-absorbing bolts, low-impedance concrete grouting, guniting, and screening, serving as a theoretical guide for similar deep engineering.
- true triaxial test /
- rock burst /
- scanning electron microscopy (SEM) /
- microcrack /
- energy-absorbing bolt /
- weak dynamic disturbance

HTML全文

图 1 试样选取和制备

Fig. 1 Sample selection and specimen preparation

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图 2 真三轴深部力学试验系统

Fig. 2 True triaxial test system for deep mechanics

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图 3 加载路径

Fig. 3 Loading path

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图 4 应力−应变曲线

Fig. 4 Stress-strain curves

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图 5 岩石破坏形式

Fig. 5 Rock failure forms

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图 6 裂隙空间分布

Fig. 6 Spatial distribution of cracks

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图 7 频率分形维数

Fig. 7 Frequency fractal dimension

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图 8 试样断口微观形貌

Fig. 8 Microscopic morphologies of the fracture surfaces of specimens

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图 9 SEM微裂隙分布

Fig. 9 SEM images showing microcrack distribution

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图 10 微裂隙面积变化曲线

Fig. 10 Curves of microcrack areas

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图 11 锚杆拉拔曲线

Fig. 11 Bolt pull-out curves

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图 12 锚杆吸能量与肋间距和肋高关系

Fig. 12 Relationship of energy absorption of bolts with rib spacing and height

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图 13 综合支护工艺

Fig. 13 Comprehensive support process

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图 14 巷道治理与数据监测

Fig. 14 Roadway management and data monitoring

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表 1 岩样基本物理力学参数

Table 1 General physical and mechanical parameters of rock samples

体积密度/ (kg·m⁻³)	弹性模量/ MPa	纵波波速/ (m·s⁻¹)	泊松比	极限强度/ MPa	屈服应变
2 660	33.8	4 587	0.36	373	12.79

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表 2 岩石峰值强度

Table 2 Peak rock strength

编号	$ {\sigma }_{3} $卸载至/ MPa	扰动幅值/ MPa	扰动频率/ Hz	峰值强度/ MPa
A-1	12	5	4	368
A-2	12	5	10	343
A-3	12	10	4	329
A-4	12	10	10	312
A-5	0	5	4	288
A-6	0	5	10	281
A-7	0	10	4	275
A-8	0	10	10	267

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期刊类型引用(17)

1.	王淑璇，王强民，曹煜，王浩. 榆横矿区典型矿井含水层水力联系辨识. 能源与环保. 2025(02): 101-105+111 . 百度学术
2.	马国逢，刘洋，杨建，王强民. 蒙陕深埋煤层首采工作面顶板富水性和涌水量差异研究. 煤炭工程. 2024(02): 87-91 . 百度学术
3.	丁莹莹，尹尚先，连会青，卜昌森，刘伟，夏向学，周旺. 基于CEEMDAN和改进的混合时间序列模型工作面涌水量预测研究. 中国安全生产科学技术. 2024(03): 110-117 . 百度学术
4.	任海帆. 鄂尔多斯盆地煤层气开发井壁稳定性技术研究. 中国高新科技. 2024(07): 123-125 . 百度学术
5.	邓启锐，高建峰，刘飞，徐士哲，许珂，王杰，南忠辉. 基于不完整井非稳定运动的立井井筒涌水量预测研究. 煤炭工程. 2024(08): 172-176 . 百度学术
6.	付德渊，樊江伟，乌阳嘎，黄海鱼，白志君，李哲. 基于AHP的东胜煤田煤层顶板充水强度分区评价. 陕西煤炭. 2024(09): 58-63+99 . 百度学术
7.	周振方，董书宁，董阳，罗生虎，薛建坤，王治宙，王淑璇，尚宏波，王甜甜，王昱同，王同. 蒙陕接壤区典型煤层开采顶板周期性变形破坏及涌水响应特征. 煤田地质与勘探. 2024(08): 101-110 . 本站查看
8.	贾继平，李赵岩，李涛，田超超. 黄陵一号煤矿814工作面采前防治水安全评价. 陕西煤炭. 2024(10): 91-95 . 百度学术
9.	陈云民，李媛，苏士杰，吴永辉，周新河. 基于小波变换的煤矿区地下水位动态变化特征分析. 煤炭工程. 2024(S1): 153-162 . 百度学术
10.	杨建，王皓，王强民，张溪彧，王甜甜. 蒙陕接壤区矿井水中典型污染组分特征及来源. 煤炭学报. 2023(04): 1687-1696 . 百度学术
11.	王林威，靖娟，尚文绣. 矿井大量涌水地区多水源联合配置. 水资源与水工程学报. 2023(03): 37-45+54 . 百度学术
12.	刘慧，刘桂芹，宁殿艳，樊娟，陈卫明. 基于VMD-DBN的矿井涌水量预测方法. 煤田地质与勘探. 2023(06): 13-21 . 本站查看
13.	孙刚友，胡清珍，康钦容，夏缘帝，袁威，张卫中. 基于大井法和地下水模型系统数值模拟方法的某矿坑涌水量预测对比分析. 科学技术与工程. 2023(21): 9024-9031 . 百度学术
14.	王皓，周振方，杨建，赵春虎，曹煜，冯龙飞，尚宏波，王甜甜，王昱同，薛建坤. 蒙陕接壤区典型煤层开采地下水系统扰动的定量表征. 煤炭科学技术. 2023(07): 83-93 . 百度学术
15.	康占忠，刘洋. 榆神矿区水文地球化学特征精细分层研究. 煤炭技术. 2022(08): 72-75 . 百度学术
16.	刘洋，杨建，周建军. 蒙陕深埋矿区工作面涌水量全生命周期演化规律. 煤田地质与勘探. 2022(12): 152-158 . 本站查看
17.	周新河，翁明月，苏士杰，李广疆. 近距离煤层顶板水害立体防控技术研究——以蒙陕深部矿井为例. 煤炭科学技术. 2021(12): 165-172 . 百度学术