Spatiotemporal response characteristics of transient electromagnetic field in water-bearing goaves and their applications
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摘要:目的与方法
为提高矿井瞬变电磁法对煤矿含水采空区的成像精度，基于高家梁煤矿地质条件，通过COMSOL有限元软件模拟不同层间距含水采空区模型的感应电磁场时空响应特征，分析其在视电阻率拟断面图及视纵向电导微分图分布规律；在鄂尔多斯高家梁煤矿开展了实地探测，成功识别出采空区含水情况。
结果和结论结果表明：感应磁场在含水体内衰减速度慢于岩层内，电压衰减曲线可随时间的推移分为初始稳定衰减、相对缓慢衰减、相对快速衰减和最终稳定衰减4个阶段；层间距越小，初始稳定衰减阶段到相对缓慢衰减的转折点出现时间越早，相对缓慢衰减和相对快速衰减阶段持续时间越长，感应电压越大；磁感应强度最大值通常出现在含水采空区内，且随层间距增大线性减小；视纵向电导二阶微分能有效分辨高阻−低阻交界面，且层间距越小视纵向电导微分幅值越大；在高家梁煤矿20302和20313工作面采空区积水探测中，感应电压衰减转折点分别出现在718.51 μs和1 004.31 μs，根据相邻测道电压及视纵向电导微分变化，判断出积水横向分别分布在36~120 m和24~168 m，岩−水交界面分别出现在66 m和72 m处，并经钻探得到验证。研究结果可为矿井老空水探测及疏放提供指导，并对矿井安全生产具有重要意义。
Abstract:Objective and MethodsThis study aims to enhance the accuracy of the mine transient electromagnetic method (MTEM) in of imaging of water-bearing goaves. Based on the geological conditions of the Gaojialiang Coal Mine, this study simulated the spatiotemporal response characteristics of the induced magnetic field in the water-bearing goaf model under varying stratigraphic spacings using finite element software COMSOL. Accordingly, this study analyzed the distribution patterns of the induced magnetic field on the apparent resistivity pseudosections and the plots of the differentials of longitudinal apparent conductivity. Using the results, the water-bearing conditions of goaves in the Ordos Gaojialiang Coal Mine were successfully identified during field detection.
Results and ConclusionsThe results indicate that the induced magnetic field in water-bearing bodies exhibited lower decay rates than that in rock layers. The time-varying voltage decay curves can be divided into four distinct stages: the initial stable, relatively slow, relatively rapid, and final stable decay stages sequentially. A greater stratigraphic spacing was associated with an earlier turning point between the initial stable and relatively slow decay stages, longer relatively slow and relatively rapid decay stages, and higher induced voltage. The maximum magnetic induction frequently occurred within the water-bearing goaves, decreasing linearly with an increase in the stratigraphic spacing. The second-order differentials of longitudinal apparent conductivity can effectively identify interfaces between high and low resistivity, with a smaller stratigraphic spacing corresponding to a higher amplitude of the second-order differentials. In the water detection of goaves along mining faces 20302 and 20313 in the Gaojialiang Coal Mine, the turning points of induced-voltage decay occurred at 718.51 μs and
1004.31 μs, respectively. The variations in the voltages between adjacent channels and the second-order differentials of longitudinal apparent conductivity reveal that water accumulation occurred at depths ranging from 36 to 120 m and from 24 to 168 m, respectively laterally and the rock-water interfaces were located at depths of 66 m and 72 m, respectively. These findings were verified through drilling. The results of this study can serve as a guide for water detection and drainage in goaves and hold great significance for ensuring the safe production of mines. -
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图 2 高家梁煤矿地质柱状图及电阻率曲线
Fig. 2 Geological column and resistivity curve of the Gaojialiang Coal Mine
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图 6 t=1 000 μs时不同层间距磁感应强度
Fig. 6 Magnetic induction under varying stratigraphic spacings at t=1 000 μs
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图 9 不同层间距感应电压多测道图
Fig. 9 Multi-channel induced voltage under various stratigraphic spacings
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图 10 不同层间距视电阻率拟断面图
Fig. 10 Apparent resistivity pseudosections under varying stratigraphic spacings
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图 11 不同层间距视纵向电导微分结果
Fig. 11 Differentials of longitudinal apparent conductivity under varying stratigraphic spacings
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图 12 YCS200(A)矿用瞬变电磁仪
Fig. 12 YCS200(A) transient electromagnetic instrument for mining
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图 13 30203工作面顶板地质情况及探测方案
Fig. 13 Geological conditions and detection scheme of the roof of mining face 30203
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图 16 40204工作面顶板地质情况及探测方案
Fig. 16 Geological conditions and detection scheme of the roof of mining face 40204
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