富油煤地下原位热解井下加热器研究现状及展望

王振东; 段中会; 杨甫; 马丽

doi:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.24.01.0009

富油煤地下原位热解井下加热器研究现状及展望

王振东^{1, 2,},
段中会^{1, 2},
杨甫^{1, 2},
马丽^{1, 2}

1.
自然资源部煤炭资源勘查与综合利用重点实验室，陕西西安 710021
2.
陕西省煤田地质集团有限公司，陕西西安 710021

基金项目: 中国博士后基金项目(2023M732757)；陕西省博士后基金项目(2023BSHGZZHQYXMZZ10)；陕西省煤田地质集团有限公司重大科研项目(SMDZ 2020ZD-1)

详细信息

作者简介:
王振东，1993年生，男，四川南充人，博士，工程师，从事非常规油气钻采技术研究. E-mail：zhendongwang16@163.com

中图分类号: P618
计量
- 文章访问数: 123
- HTML全文浏览量: 4
- PDF下载量: 38
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-06
- 修回日期: 2024-06-10
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-02
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-24

Downhole heaters for in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coals：A review and prospects

WANG Zhendong^{1, 2,},
DUAN Zhonghui^{1, 2},
YANG Fu^{1, 2},
MA Li^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Coal Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi’an 710021, China
2.
Shaanxi Coal Geology Group Co., LTD., Xi’an 710021, China

摘要

摘要:
[意义]我国富油煤地质资源丰富，是保障能源安全的潜在煤基油气资源。富油煤地下原位热解“取氢留碳”是煤炭资源清洁低碳利用的发展趋势，而井下加热器是实现富油煤地下原位高效热解的关键设备之一。【进展】 在系统收集相关资料、数据和调研的基础上，简述了地下原位对流加热方法的现状，重点阐述了地下原位对流加热用加热器的研发现状，最后对井下电加热器的应用效果及后续的攻关方向分别进行了简述和展望。地表加热器的发展较为成熟，仅适用于埋深较浅和所需加热温度较低的地层(<350 ℃)。井下燃烧加热器还需有效解决极端工况下燃烧反应稳定性和二次点火可靠性的问题；井下电加热器通过将强化传热结构与电加热棒结合，不仅可缩小其尺寸，还可降低电加热棒的壁面温度，有效解决其加热效率低及寿命短的问题。此外，密封结构可有效提高井下电加热器在复杂工况下的适应性。采用自主研制的闭式双壳体井下电加热器，在陕北侏罗纪煤田榆神矿区大保当井田成功提取全球第一桶富油煤地下原位热解煤焦油。【展望】 为提高富油煤层的加热速度和加热效率，井下电加热器的后续研究可从高功率井下电加热器和复合加热两个方面着手。复合加热在介质输送过程中仍会产生一定量的热损失，随着加热井数量及煤层深度的增加，热损失问题会进一步凸显，故应重点攻关高功率井下电加热器，以期为我国富油煤地下原位热解工艺研发与工业化应用提供技术支撑。
- 富油煤 /
- 地下原位热解 /
- 对流加热 /
- 井下电加热器 /
- 强化传热
Abstract:
Significance
China boasts abundant tar-rich coal resources, which prove to be potential coal-based oil and gas resources capable of ensuring China's energy security. Extracting hydrogen while preserving carbon through the in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coals has developed into a trend in the clean and low-carbon utilization of coal resources. Downhole heaters serve as critical equipment for the efficient in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coals.
Advances
Based on investigations and the systematic collection of relevant information and data, this study offers a brief introduction of the currently used methods for in-situ convection heating, focusing on the present situation of the research and development (R&D) of heaters for in-situ convection heating. Finally, this study briefly explores the application of downhole electric heaters, as well as providing future prospects for making breakthroughs. Relatively mature surface heaters are only suitable for shallow strata and strata requiring low heating temperatures (< 350 ℃). Downhole combustion heaters face challenges in effectively enhancing the stability of combustion reactions and the reliability of secondary ignition under extreme working conditions. Downhole electric heaters, which combine an enhanced heat transfer structure with electric heating rods, allow for reducing the surface temperatures of electric heating rods while decreasing the sizes of heaters, thereby effectively enhancing the heating efficiency and prolonging the service life. Additionally, employing seal structures can effectively improve the adaptability of downhole electric heaters to complex working conditions. Using a self-developed downhole electric heater with a closed double-shell structure, Shaanxi Coal Geology Group Co., Ltd. has successfully extracted the world's first barrel of coal tar from tar-rich coals through the in-situ pyrolysis in the Dabaodang mine field of the Yushen mining area in the Jurassic coalfield in northern Shaanxi.
Prospects
To boost the heating rate and efficiency of tar-rich coal seams, subsequent research on downhole electric heaters can center around high-power downhole electric heaters and composite heating. However, composite heating suffers certain heat loss during medium transport, especially with an increase in heating well number and coal seam depth. Hence, it is recommended that high-power downhole electric heaters should be highlighted. This study is expected to provide technical support for the R&D and industrial application of the in-situ pyrolysis technology for tar-rich coals in China.
- tar-rich coal /
- in-situ underground pyrolysis /
- convection heating /
- downhole electric heater /
- enhanced heat transfer

HTML全文

图 1 CRUSH技术原理^[13-15]

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of CRUSH technology^[13-15]

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图 2 CCR技术原理^[16-17]

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of CCR technology^[16-17]

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图 3 MTI技术原理^[18]

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of MTI technology^[18]

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图 4 NCW技术原理^[19]

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of NCW technology^[19]

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图 5 地表加热器工作原理^[21]

Fig. 5 Principle of a surface heater^[21]

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图 6 井下加热器工作原理^[21]

Fig. 6 Principle of a downhole electric heater^[21]

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图 7 注汽锅炉^[24]

Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of a steam injection boiler^[24]

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图 8 井下蒸汽发生器^[21]

Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of a downhole steam generator^[21]

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图 9 逆流热交换器^[30-31]

Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of a counterflow heat exchanger^[30-31]

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图 10 稠油热采井下蒸汽发生器^[34]

Fig. 10 Schematic diagram of a downhole steam generator for heavy oil thermal production^[34]

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图 11 Y形电加热器^[37]

Fig. 11 Schematic diagram of a Y-shaped electric heater^[37]

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图 12 不同类型电加热器^[21,37]

Fig. 12 Schematic diagrams of various types of electric heaters^[21,37]

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图 13 井下电磁感应加热器结构^[46]

Fig. 13 Schematic diagram showing the structure of a downhole electromagnetic induction heater^[46]

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图 14 电加热棒结构

Fig. 14 Schematic diagram showing the structure of an electric heating rod

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图 15 单壳体与双壳体结构^[54]

Fig. 15 Schematic diagram of single- and double-shell structures^[54]

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图 16 井下电加热器结构^[21]

Fig. 16 Schematic diagram showing the structure of a downhole electric heater^[21]

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图 17 密封结构^[21,56]

Fig. 17 Schematic diagrams of sealing structures^[21,56]

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图 18 闭式双壳体井下电加热器

Fig. 18 Diagrams of a downhole electric heater with a closed double-shell structure

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