Detection of change in the coal thickness of a fully mechanized mining face based on electromagnetic wave penetration
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摘要:
综采工作面常有较大的煤厚变化，影响煤炭安全高效生产，需要在回采前探测煤厚变化情况。为掌握煤厚变化对电磁波透视探查的响应特征，采用仿真软件，建立了工作面三维模型，对不同煤岩电阻率比值的煤厚变化进行了电磁波透视探测模拟。结果表明：随煤厚减小，不同煤岩电阻率比值的透视场强值均呈抛物线型下降，说明煤厚越小，电磁波透视能力越差；同一煤厚值，煤岩电阻率比值越大，透视场强值越大，能够透视的距离越大；煤厚8 m以下工作面，场强变化率大，煤厚变化引起的场强值变化明显，可以仅采用相对煤厚变化解释地质异常变化情况；煤厚8 m以上工作面，场强变化率值相对较小，煤厚变化引起的场强值变化不明显，不能仅采用相对煤厚变化解释地质异常区，应结合煤岩电阻率比值和正常煤层厚度，根据煤厚场强变化率来确定恰当的煤厚变薄值来圈定地质异常区。陕西金源招贤矿业有限公司1305工作面探测结果表明：工作面煤层厚度从16.4 m减薄到11.2 m，平均场强变化率为1.233 8 dB/m，反映特厚煤层工作面随煤厚减小透视场强值缓慢降低。淮河能源集团张集矿1610A工作面探测结果表明：工作面煤层厚度从5.8 m减薄到2.0 m，平均场强变化率为3.7038 dB/m，反映厚煤层工作面随煤厚减小透视场强值快速降低。研究结果可以合理地判识薄煤区范围以及煤层变薄程度，可靠地圈定地质异常区。
Abstract:A fully mechanized mining face tend to show great change in coal thickness, which affects the safe, efficient coal mining. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the change in the coal thickness before stoping. To determine the response of electromagnetic (EM) wave penetration to the change in the coal thickness, this study established a three-dimensional model of fully mechanized mining faces using simulation software. On this basis, this study simulated the change in the coal thickness under different ratios of the coal-to-rock resistivity based on EM wave penetration. The results are as follows: (1) With a decrease in the coal thickness, the intensity of the EM field corresponding to different ratios of the coal-to-rock resistivity decreased in the form of a parabola. This result indicates that a smaller coal thickness is associated with a poorer EM wave penetration ability; (2) For the same coal thickness, a greater ratio of coal-to-rock resistivity corresponded to a greater intensity of the EM field and a greater distance of EM wave penetration; (3) For the mining faces with a coal thickness of less than 8 m, the intensity of the EM field changed at a high rate, indicating that the change in the coal thickness significantly changed the intensity of the EM field. Therefore, it is feasible to interpret the change in geological anomalies based only on the relative change in the coal thickness in this case; (4) For the mining faces with a coal thickness greater than 8 m, the intensity of the EM field changed at a low rate, indicating that the change in coal thickness could not significantly change in the intensity of the EM field. Therefore, the geological anomalous areas cannot be interpreted based only on the relative change in the coal thickness in this case. Instead, it is necessary to delineate the geological anomalous areas by determining the appropriate thinning rate of coal based on the changing rate of the intensity of the EM field, as well as the ratio of coal-to-rock resistivity and the normal coal seam thickness. As shown by the detection results of the No.1305 mining face in the Shaanxi Jinyuan Zhaoxian Mining Co., Ltd., the intensity of the EM field changes at an average rate of 1.2338 dB/m as the coal seam thickness of the mining face decreases from 16.4 m to 11.2 m. This result reflects that intensity of the EM field of a mining face with ultra-thick coal seams decreases slowly with a decrease in the coal thickness. As indicated by the detection results of the No.1610A mining face in the Zhangji Coal Mine of Huaihe Mining (Group) Co., Ltd., the intensity of the EM field changes at an average rate of 3.7038 dB/m as the coal seam thickness of the mining face decreases from 5.8 m to 2.0 m. This result reflects that intensity of the EM field of a mining face decreases quickly with a decrease in the coal thickness. The results of this study can be used to reasonably identify the range of thin coal areas and the degree of the coal seam thinning in these areas and to reliably delineate geological anomalous areas.
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图 2 电磁波透视模拟观测系统
Fig. 2 Simulation observation system of Electromagnetic wave penetration
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图 3 不同R值的透视场强数值模拟结果
Fig. 3 Numerical simulation results of the intensity of the electromagnetic field under different R values
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图 6 吸收系数成像与解释结果
Fig. 6 Image and interpretation results of electromagnetic wave absorption coefficient
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图 10 吸收系数成像与解释结果
Fig. 10 Image and interpretation results of electromagnetic wave absorption coefficient
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图 11 场强与煤厚变化
Fig. 11 Variation of the intensity of electromagnetic field with the coal thickness
表 1 场强与煤厚模拟结果
Table 1 Simulation results of coal thickness and field strength values
R 煤厚/m 场强值/dB K /(dB·m−1) 200 2.5~8.3 33.5~56.0 3.88 100 2.5~8.3 22.1~49.7 4.76 50 2.5~8.3 8.6~42.5 5.84 20 3.3~8.3 2.1~32.0 5.98 10 4.2~8.3 1.9~23.0 5.15 200 8.3~18.3 56.0~58.8 0.28 100 8.3~18.3 49.7~55.9 0.62 50 8.3~18.3 42.5~51.9 0.94 20 8.3~18.3 32.0~45.3 1.33 10 8.3~18.3 23.0~39.9 1.69 
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表 2 研究区煤厚与场强值计算结果
Table 2 Calculation results of the coal thickness and electromagnetic field intensity in the study area
透视路径 平均煤厚/m 场强/dB HJ HF 平均 J10－F10 13.7 52.3 54.2 53.3 J15－F15 11.6 53.0 52.5 52.8 J20－F20 11.2 54.0 49.7 51.9 J35－F35 9.5 46.4 43.0 44.7 J40－F40 10.1 44.7 41.3 43.0 J45－F45 15.2 55.2 55.0 55.1 J50－F50 14.8 56.0 55.1 55.6 J105－F105 16.4 60.0 59.6 59.8
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表 3 煤厚与场强值
Table 3 Coal thickness and the intensity of electromagnetic field
透视路径 源检距/m 平均煤厚/m 实测场强/dB 校正场强/dB Y3－G6 92.2 2.00 61.0 62.5 Y3－G8 90.0 2.20 61.2 61.2 Y3－G10 92.2 2.80 64.5 66.1 Y3－G10 94.9 3.40 65.5 69.1 Y8－G11 94.9 4.20 66.4 70.0 Y8－G11 92.2 4.80 70.6 72.3 Y8－G13 90.0 5.83 74.0 74.0 Y13－G18 90.0 5.56 76.8 76.8 Y18－G23 90.0 5.67 77.0 77.0
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