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摘要:
作为煤矿安全高效地质保障系统的核心技术之一，我国煤田地震勘探技术已经形成了从一维地震(1D)、二维地震(2D)到三维地震(3D)的技术系列，实现了从资源勘探向采区勘探、从构造勘探向岩性勘探的技术进步，而四维地震(4D)将进一步实现地震勘探从静态探测到动态探测的技术跨越。基于空间−时间维度的概念，在1D到4D地震勘探4个发展阶段的基础上，提出了1.5D(如非零偏移距VSP)、2.5D(如宽线二维地震)和3.5D(如三维地震动态解释)等3个过渡阶段，给出了1D与1.5D、2D与2.5D、3D与3.5D以及4D等7个不同阶段的时间−空间特征。研究发现：(1)煤田地震勘探从低维到高维、从空间维到时空维的维度增加，使得地震勘探所获地下信息量出现指数级增长，地震勘探解决地质问题的精度相应得到了显著的提高，这是煤田地震勘探技术不断进步的内在引擎；(2)基础理论研究的厚积薄发、地震勘探仪器的升级换代和煤矿开采技术的需求驱动，是煤田地震勘探技术持续进步的外部驱动力；(3)跨学科、跨行业和跨部门的学科交叉与技术融合，加速了煤田地震勘探技术的迭代升级。
Abstract:As one of the key technologies for safe and efficient support of coalmine geology, the seismic technology, has gone through one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D), and progressed from resource exploration to mining area exploration, and from structural exploration to lithological exploration. The latest 4D seismic will further leapfrog from static detection to dynamic detection. Based on the concepts of time-space dimensions and the four seismic development stages, we propose three transitional stages from 1.5D (e.g., non-zero offset VSP), 2.5D (e.g., wide line 2D seismic exploration) to 3.5D (e.g., 3D seismic dynamic interpretation), and also present the time-space characteristics of the seven seismic stages, including 1D, 1.5D, 2D, 2.5D, 3D, 3.5D and 4D. Results show that: (1) The increase of coal seismic dimension from low to high, from space to space-time, makes the amount of underground information grow exponentially; the accuracy of solution to geological problems is improved significantly, which is the internal engine of continuous development of seismic technology for coals. (2) The accumulation of fundamental theoretical research, the upgrading of seismic exploration instruments, and the demand of coal mining technologies, are the external driving force for the continuous advancement of seismic technology. (3) The interdisciplinary research and technological integration over multiple disciplines, industries and sectors have accelerated the iteration and upgrading of seismic technology of coal field.
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Keywords:
- coal seismic /
- time dimension /
- space dimension /
- 3D seismic /
- 4D seismic /
- technology advances
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图 2 高分辨率二维地震时间剖面的断层解释
Fig. 2 Fault interpretation of high-resolution 2D seismic time profiles
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表 1 SERCEL公司地震仪发展历程
Table 1 Development history of SERCEL’s Seismograph
年份 1971 1983 1985 1992 1999 2002 2013 2014 典型仪器型号 SN338 SN358 SN368 SN388 408UL 428XL 508XT Unite 最大接收道数 48 132 240 1 200 10 000 100 000 1 000 000 无限道 注：以2 ms采样、实时记录为标准。 
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