Vertical variability of hydrogeological characteristics of Luohe Formation by double packer system pumping test
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摘要:
为了精细探查鄂尔多斯盆地巨厚洛河组水文地质条件并定量评价其含水层段富水性垂向变异特征，提出采用导水系数进行含水层富水性评价，给出了导水系数法富水性7级分级标准；采用双Packer系统对陕西高家堡井田DJ1、DJ2钻孔洛河组垂向10个固定厚度层段进行抽水试验并计算水文地质参数，采用综合富水性指数法对洛河组垂向分层并对比分析其垂向分层水文地质特征。结果显示：(1) 提出导水系数富水性分级标准，即T≤1 m2/d、1 m2/d<T≤10 m2/d、10 m2/d<T≤50 m2/d、50 m2/d<T≤100 m2/d、100 m2/d<T≤200 m2/d、200 m2/d<T≤400 m2/d、T>400 m2/d依次表示富水性极弱、弱、中等、强、很强、特强、极强。(2) 采用综合富水性指数法将洛河组垂向上划分为上段、中上段、中下段和下段4个含水层段。(3) 洛河组垂向分层水文地质特征存在差异。中上段和中下段厚度相对较大，分别为122.20~124.30 m和113.30~148.70 m，岩性以砂岩类地层为主，渗透系数K分别为0.598 9~0.708 5 m/d和0.111 5~0.211 5 m/d，导水系数T分别为65.60~116.94 m2/d和11.05~30.89 m2/d，均相对较大，富水性中等至很强，为主要含水层段；上段和下段厚度相对较小，分别为20.45~35.20 m和57.60~91.19 m，岩性为砂泥岩互层，渗透系数K分别为0.064 6 m/d和0.005 1~0.009 0 m/d，导水系数T分别为1.58 m2/d和0.34~0.66 m2/d，均相对较小，富水性极弱至弱，为次要含水层段。(4)导水系数在多个含水层段之间具有确定的换算关系，采用导水系数法评价显示洛河组含水层段富水性在垂向上存在显著差异，现场应用效果良好。
Abstract:To investigate the hydrogeological conditions of the thick Luohe Formation in Ordos Basin and quantitatively evaluate vertical variation characteristics of its aquifer’ s water-rich, proposes the method of using the coefficient of transmissibility to evaluate the water-rich of the aquifer, and give the seven level classification standard of water-rich by the method of determining coefficient of transmissibility. The double-packer system was used to carry out the pumping tests of 10 vertical sections of fixed thickness of the Luohe Formation in the DJ1 and DJ2 boreholes in the Gaojiabao mine field, shaanxi, and the hydrogeological parameters were calculated. Using the comprehensive water-rich index method to stratify the Luohe Formation vertically and analyze its hydrogeological characteristics vertically. The results show that: (1) The water-rich standards of coefficient of transmissibility are given; when T≤1 m2/d, 1 m2/d<T≤10 m2/d, 10 m2/d<T≤50 m2/d, 50 m2/d<T≤100 m2/d, 100 m2/d<T≤200 m2/d, 200 m2/d<T≤400 m2/d and T>400 m2/d, the water-rich is very weak, weak, medium, strong, very strong, especially strong, and extremely strong. (2) The Luohe Formation is vertically divided into four aquifers including the upper, middle-upper, middle-lower and lower aquifers by the comprehensive water-rich index method. (3) The Luohe Formation vertical hydrogeological characteristics are different. The middle-upper and middle-lower formation are the main aquifers, which are dominated by sandstone strata and relatively thick (122.20-124.30 m and 113.30-148.70 m, respectively), the permeability coefficient K (0.598 9-0.708 5 m/d and 0.111 5-0.211 5 m/d, respectively) and coefficient of transmissibility T (65.60-116.94 m2/d and 11.05-30.89 m2/d, respectively) have relatively large values, and the water-rich are from medium to very strong; The upper and lower formation are the secondary aquifers, which are dominated by sand-mudstone strata and relatively small (20.45-35.20 m and 57.60-91.19 m, respectively), the permeability coefficient K (0.064 6 m/d and 0.005 1-0.009 0 m/d, respectively) and coefficient of transmissibility T (1.58 m2/d and 0.34-0.66 m2/d, respectively) have relatively small values, and the water-rich are from very weak to weak. (4) The coefficient of transmissibility has a definite calculation relationship among multiple aquifers. The coefficient of transmissibility method is used to evaluate the vertical water-rich of the Luohe Formation, and there are significant differences. Therefore, the application was successful.
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图 2 过滤器与隔水顶板相接的承压非完整井
Fig. 2 Partially penetrating well in a confined aquifer with filter connected to the roof
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图 3 过滤器不与隔水顶板相接的承压非完整井
Fig. 3 Partially penetrating well in a confined aquifer with filter unconnected to the roof
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图 7 洛河组垂向各层渗透系数
Fig. 7 Sketch of permeability coefficient of aquifer in Luohe Formation
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图 8 洛河组垂向导水系数
Fig. 8 Sketch of transmissibility coefficient of aquifer in Luohe Formation
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图 9 DJ1钻孔洛河组综合富水性指数法垂向分层结果
Fig. 9 Comprehensive water-rich index of Luohe Formation in borehole DJ1
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图 10 DJ2钻孔洛河组综合富水性指数法垂向分层结果
Fig. 10 Comprehensive water-rich index of Luohe Formation in borehole DJ2
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图 11 洛河组垂向分层厚度与总厚度百分比饼图
Fig. 11 Sketch of the ratio of each layer thickness to the total thickness of Luohe Formation
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图 12 洛河组垂向分层岩性累计厚度占比
Fig. 12 Sketch of the ratio of each lithology thickness to the total thickness of each layer of Luohe Formation
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图 13 洛河组垂向分层渗透系数
Fig. 13 Sketch of permeability coefficient of each aquifer in Luohe Formation
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图 14 洛河组垂向分层导水系数
Fig. 14 Sketch of coefficient of transmissibility of each aquifer in Luohe Formation
表 1 导水系数富水性分级标准
Table 1 Classification standard of water-rich by coefficient of transmissibility
含水层富水性等级 导水系数T/(m2·d−1) 极弱 T≤1 弱 1<T≤10 中等 10<T≤50 强 50<T≤100 很强 100<T≤200 特强 200<T≤400 极强 T>400 
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表 2 抽水试验工程量统计
Table 2 Completion of pumping tests
类型 孔号 层位 抽水次数 完整井
抽水DJ1 洛河组 1 DJ2 洛河组 1 DJ4 洛河组 1 DJ4 直罗组和延安组 1 非完整
井抽水DJ3 洛河组上部层段 1 DJ3 洛河组下部层段 1 双Packer
分层抽水
(非完整井)DJ1 洛河组10个层段 10 DJ2 洛河组上部8个层段 8 DJ3 洛河组下部2个层段 2 合计 26 注：DJ2孔第9、第10层抽水试验变更至DJ3孔完成。
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表 3 DJ1、DJ2/DJ3钻孔双Packer分层抽水试验成果
Table 3 Results of pumping tests using the double packer in DJ1, DJ2/DJ3 boreholes
钻孔 序号 抽水层段 孔径
/m初始水位
埋深/m恢复水位
埋深/m试验序次 Q/(m3·h–1) Sw/m T/(m2·d–1) K/(m·d–1) 起始埋深/m 截止埋深/m 厚度/m DJ1 1 465.85 498.86 33.01 0.085 7 299.19 297.65 1 13.7513 11.45 26.45 0.801 4 2 11.6608 6.58 39.03 1.182 5 3 4.6649 2.20 46.70 1.414 8 平均 37.40 1.132 9 2 499.42 532.43 33.01 0.085 7 292.30 291.17 1 13.7513 8.08 36.84 1.116 2 2 10.0742 5.26 41.46 1.256 1 3 5.0569 2.58 42.43 1.285 5 平均 40.25 1.219 2 3 528.75 561.76 33.01 0.085 7 289.41 288.04 1 14.4943 11.53 27.06 0.819 7 2 10.0742 7.72 28.09 0.850 9 3 5.0569 3.79 28.72 0.870 0 平均 27.96 0.846 9 4 558.08 591.09 33.01 0.085 7 286.71 286.93 1 13.0313 29.34 9.53 0.288 7 2 9.1886 19.63 10.04 0.304 2 3 4.6649 9.83 10.18 0.308 4 平均 9.92 0.300 5 5 587.39 620.40 33.01 0.085 7 286.54 286.51 1 6.8180 107.59 1.36 0.041 1 2 4.8586 71.85 1.45 0.043 9 3 2.4480 35.72 1.47 0.044 5 平均 1.42 0.043 1 6 616.62 649.63 33.01 0.085 7 285.84 286.47 1 11.6608 49.83 5.00 0.151 6 2 8.0827 33.14 5.21 0.158 0 3 4.1123 16.55 5.31 0.160 9 平均 5.18 0.156 8 7 651.34 684.35 33.01 0.085 7 287.99 296.80 1 11.0095 56.77 4.14 0.125 5 2 7.5614 37.66 4.29 0.129 9 3 3.9373 19.01 4.42 0.134 0 平均 4.28 0.129 8 8 684.99 718.00 33.01 0.085 7 313.27 321.43 1 6.3626 90.89 1.49 0.045 3 2 4.4762 60.19 1.59 0.048 1 3 2.3198 29.64 1.67 0.050 6 平均 1.58 0.048 0 9 719.43 752.62 33.19 0.085 7 324.52 330.57 3.6011 292.54 0.26 0.007 9 10 746.58 779.77 33.19 0.085 7 327.20 307.19 1.1714 322.85 0.08 0.002 3 DJ2 1 531.42 555.81 24.39 0.085 7 263.03 263.57 1 9.4784 128.12 1.54 0.063 2 2 7.3084 97.37 1.56 0.064 1 3 4.6649 59.91 1.62 0.066 5 平均 1.58 0.064 6 2 550.01 586.52 36.51 0.085 7 269.76 270.16 1 15.6535 42.61 8.16 0.223 5 2 10.9901 29.45 8.29 0.227 1 3 5.8979 15.66 8.37 0.229 2 平均 8.27 0.226 6 3 588.00 624.51 36.51 0.085 7 270.36 270.59 1 19.3194 15.77 26.91 0.737 1 2 13.3884 10.89 27.01 0.739 7 3 7.0607 5.70 27.21 0.745 3 平均 27.04 0.740 7 4 626.08 662.59 36.51 0.085 7 270.70 271.17 1 19.7694 14.65 29.50 0.808 1 2 14.1199 10.18 30.32 0.830 6 3 7.5614 5.33 31.02 0.849 5 平均 30.28 0.829 4 5 664.05 700.56 36.51 0.085 7 271.48 273.40 1 14.4943 72.59 4.35 0.119 2 2 9.7844 47.07 4.53 0.124 1 3 4.8586 23.77 4.46 0.122 1 平均 4.45 0.121 8 6 692.50 729.01 36.51 0.085 7 272.75 273.66 1 16.7468 47.19 7.73 0.211 7 2 11.6608 37.71 6.73 0.184 4 3 5.8979 15.67 8.20 0.224 5 平均 7.55 0.206 9 7 730.11 766.62 36.51 0.085 7 273.71 274.19 1 18.4370 28.32 14.16 0.387 8 2 12.6803 18.92 14.58 0.399 2 3 6.3482 9.42 14.66 0.401 4 平均 14.46 0.396 1 8 767.94 804.45 36.51 0.085 7 274.23 274.38 1 13.7513 69.74 4.28 0.117 3 2 9.1886 45.08 4.43 0.121 3 3 4.6649 22.23 4.56 0.124 9 平均 4.42 0.121 2 DJ3 9 796.44 833.02 36.58 0.085 7 279.70 280.33 6.3482 304.38 0.45 0.012 4 10 824.79 861.37 36.58 0.085 7 272.91 289.99 3.2825 346.55 0.20 0.005 6
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表 4 洛河组综合富水性指数法垂向分层结果
Table 4 Vertical aquifers of Luohe Formation stratified by comprehensive water-rich index
单位：m 钻孔 洛河组
厚度上段
厚度中上段
厚度中下段
厚度下段
厚度DJ1 361.89 35.20 122.20 113.30 91.19 DJ2 351.05 20.45 124.30 148.70 57.60 均值 356.47 27.83 123.25 131.00 74.40
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表 5 洛河组垂向分层渗透系数计算结果
Table 5 Calculation results of permeability coefficient of each aquifer in Luohe Formation
垂向层段 渗透系数计算结果/(m·d–1) DJ1钻孔 DJ2钻孔 均值 上段 0.064 6 0.064 6 中上段 0.708 5 0.598 9 0.653 7 中下段 0.111 5 0.211 5 0.161 5 下段 0.005 1 0.009 0 0.007 1
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表 6 洛河组垂向分层导水系数计算结果
Table 6 Calculation results of coefficient of transmissibility of each aquifer in Luohe Formation
垂向层段 导水系数计算值/(m2·d−1) 富水性 DJ1钻孔 DJ2钻孔 均值 上段 1.58 1.58 弱 中上段 116.94 65.60 91.27 强−很强 中下段 11.05 30.89 20.97 中等 下段 0.34 0.66 0.50 极弱
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表 7 洛河组全段导水系数
Table 7 Results of coefficient of transmissibility of Luohe Formation
钻孔 洛河组全段导水系数计算值/(m2·d–1) 富水性 DJ1 128.32 很强 DJ2 98.72 强
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