Optimum selection of favorable areas for multi-layer CBM mining and reservoir characterstics in North Yunnan and Guizhou exploration area
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摘要:
滇黔北探区赋煤向斜众多，多薄煤层发育，含气量较高，煤层气资源丰富，是筠连外围重要的拓展区块。基于大量煤田孔及煤层气试验井，分析煤层气地质条件，建立多层合采有利区优选评价方法：多层次模糊数学+关键指标法。首先，基于层次递阶优选构建评价模型并确定关键指标，明确关键指标为合采系数、煤体结构、含气量，其中，合采系数由最优合采跨度及合采累计煤厚构成，并给出关键指标的定量评价表，然后，运用模糊数学计算公式，得到储层评分结果，最终获得多层合采有利区优选结果。结果显示：研究区晚二叠世龙潭组/宣威组煤层最多可达到20层以上，可采煤层一般3层左右，煤层总厚度一般在6 m以上，煤层层数及煤层厚度由东南向西北逐渐减少或减薄。大部分区域主力煤层为C5(M11)煤层，厚度一般在2 m以上，其灰分质量分数平均为27.73%，为中灰煤，煤级主要为贫煤–无烟煤。各向斜主力煤层含气性差异性较大，含气量最大可达到30.53 m3/t。研究区煤体结构以原生结构煤和碎裂结构煤为主。以C5(M11)煤层分别向上或向下合采计算合采系数，由此形成了两个合采层段，多层合采Ⅰ类有利区主要位于研究区可乐向斜中西部，牛场–以古向斜南部，镇雄向斜南部，庙坝向斜东南部，洛旺向斜中西部，石坎向斜中西部。
Abstract:Due to the abundance of coal-bearing synclines, multiple seams and high gas content, the exploration area in North Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces is an important expansion block in the periphery of Junlian County. Based on a large number of coalfield holes and test wells, the geological conditions of CBM are analyzed, and the optimization and evaluation method of multi-layer favorable area is established, i.e. multi-level fuzzy mathematics plus key indicators. Firstly, the evaluation model is constructed based on hierarchical optimization, and the key indicators are determined as co-mining coefficient, coal structure and gas content. The co-mining coefficient is composed of the optimal co-mining span and the cumulative coal thickness, and the quantitative evaluation table of the key indicators is given. Then, the fuzzy mathematics calculation formula is used to obtain the reservoir score results, guiding the optimization of multi-layer co-mining favorable areas. The results show that the coal seam of Longtan Formation/Xuanwei Formation in Late Permian in the study area can reach up to more than 20 layers, and the recoverable coal seam is generally about 3 layers with the total thickness of more than 6 m. From southeast to northwest, coal seams pinch out and the number of layers gradually decreases. In most areas, the main coal seam is C5 (M11), with a thickness of more than 2 m and an average ash content of 27.73%, belonging to medium ash coal, and the coal rank is mainly lean coal–anthracite. The gas content of main coal seams in each syncline varies significantly, and the maximum gas content can reach 30.53 m3/t. The coal structure in the study area is dominated by primary structure coal and fractured structure coal. The co-mining coefficient is calculated by the upward or downward co-mining of seam C5 (M11), thus forming two co-mining layers. The multi-layer co-mining type I favorable area is mainly located in the central and western Kele syncline, the south of Niuchang-Yigu syncline, the south of Zhenxiong syncline, the southeast of Miaoba syncline, the central and western Luowang syncline, and the central and western Shikan syncline.
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图 2 滇黔北探区可乐向斜连井剖面
Fig. 2 Profile of Kele syncline wells in northern Yunnan-Guizhou exploration area
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图 3 煤层气选区综合评价层次结构模型及权重赋值(NB/T 10013—2014《煤层气地质选区评价方法》)
Fig. 3 Hierarchical structure model and weight assignment for comprehensive evaluation of CBM area selection (NB/T 10013—2014 The procedure and method of coalbed methane play evaluation and selection)
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图 4 研究区煤体结构测井判识模板
Fig. 4 Logging identification template of coal structure in the study area
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图 5 研究区可采煤层层数及总厚度等值线
Fig. 5 Contour maps of the number of coal seams and total thickness in the study area
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图 7 C5(M11)煤层煤体结构判识指数(G)等值线
Fig. 7 Isogram of coal structure identification index of seam C5 (M11) in the study area
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图 8 研究区主力煤层含气量气泡图及含气量梯度
Fig. 8 Bubble map and gradient contour of gas content in main coal seam in the study area
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图 10 研究区煤层气多层合采有利区分布
Fig. 10 Distribution of CBM multi-layer co-mining favorable areas in the study area
表 1 煤层气勘探阶段有利区评价参数
Table 1 Evaluation parameters of favorable areas in CBM exploration stage
评价参数xij 权重Wi Ⅰ类区
(0.7<xij≤1.0)Ⅱ类区
(0.3<xij≤0.7)Ⅲ类区
(0<xij≤0.3)煤层含气量(空气干燥基)/(m3·t–1) 0.26 ≥12 8~12 ≤8 煤体结构 0.27 原生结构煤或碎裂煤 碎粒–糜棱煤 合采系数 0.23 ≥0.08 <0.08 
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表 2 研究区典型向斜煤层群发育情况统计
Table 2 Statistics on the development of typical syncline coal seam groups in the study area
向斜 评价单元 含煤地层 煤系厚度/m 煤层总
厚度/m煤层层数 可采
煤层数可采煤层
总厚度/m可乐 辅处 宣威组 51.04~112.32 2.08 0~12 4 1.90 结构 龙潭–长兴组 78.90~278.05 6.52 5~21 5 4.88 财神 龙潭–长兴组 171.52~355.94 6.42 3~22 5 2.88 青场 龙潭–长兴组 203.53~260.52 6.42 3~12 3 2.38 牛场–以古 牛场–以古 龙潭–长兴组 156.00~181.00 6.08 9~18 3 3.90 大银煤矿 龙潭–长兴组 201.00 5.40 6~19 2 2.47 镇雄 兴远煤矿 龙潭–长兴组 206.69 8.70 6~19 2 3.29 天平煤矿 龙潭–长兴组 254.66 7.61 3~10 3 5.00 长岭1号 龙潭–长兴组 180.00 9.36 11~27 3 4.49 朱家湾 龙潭–长兴组 190.00 9.36 14~25 5 5.81 塘房煤矿 龙潭–长兴组 182.50 7.00 14~29 3 3.90 新庄 观音山煤矿 龙潭–长兴组 109.00~178.00 10.18 2~16 2 4.12 墨黑煤矿 龙潭–长兴组 118.00~175.00 5.81 12~21 1 2.03 玉京山煤矿 龙潭–长兴组 135.00~182.00 7.62 3~19 3 3.17 大井沟煤矿 龙潭–长兴组 151.00~183.00 4.29 4~16 1 1.42 石坎 石坎煤矿 龙潭–长兴组 166.00 8.01 4~13 4 4.31 马河 马河煤矿 龙潭–长兴组 132.00 5.00 3~9 3 3.66 庙坝 庙坝煤矿 宣威组 173.00 3.38 6 3 2.96 洛旺 塘房煤矿 宣威组 120.00~170.00 4.80 2~10 2 2.60 桃子湾煤矿 宣威组 120.00~170.00 4.80 2~10 2 2.60 西段普查 龙潭–长兴组 208.14 8.40 9~18 3 5.63 彝良 荞山勘查区 宣威组 184.59 2.82 3~10 1 1.31
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表 3 主要向斜主力煤层C5(M11)含气性概况(基准：空气干燥基)
Table 3 General situation of gas content of main synclinal main seam C5 (M11) (Air dried basis)
向斜 预估风化带
深度/m平均
埋深/m平均甲烷
体积分数/%平均含气量/
(m3·t−1)平均含气梯度/
(m3·t−1·hm−1)最大含气量/
(m3·t−1)数据个数 彝良 400 595.28 83.54 7.19 1.21 11.75 23 洛旺 300 607.67 91.35 9.56 1.57 17.88 15 牛场–以古 200 575.68 91.93 9.15 1.59 16.96 129 镇雄 100 318.48 94.88 7.78 2.44 16.43 76 石坎 200 728.24 85.97 13.58 1.86 21.71 44 马河 200 588.83 91.13 10.37 1.76 18.04 50 新庄 200 578.88 90.64 9.32 1.61 30.53 43 可乐 100 382.28 90.87 8.82 2.31 18.26 40
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表 4 研究区不同评价单元综合得分
Table 4 Comprehensive scores of different evaluation units in the study area
评价单元 向上得分 向下得分 综合得分 彝良向斜 16.37 13.76 15.06 镇雄向斜 17.82 19.19 18.51 新庄向斜 22.25 22.51 22.38 庙坝向斜 26.54 23.20 24.87 石坎向斜 23.28 26.98 25.13 洛旺向斜 26.83 28.48 27.66 牛场–以古向斜 29.60 26.32 27.96 可乐向斜 29.72 33.42 31.57
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